[Donnieclark]

In the process of chemiosmosis (or the electron transport chain), I always read that the process pumps protons across a membrane -- either the inner membrane of the mitochondria or the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. I wonder about this. I suspect that what is really pumped are hydronium ions, H3O+, but I cannot find this on the internet or in any of my books.

Can anyone answer this and maybe provide me with a source URL or book?

Please help.

Thanks!

I didn't find the right solution from the Internet.

References http://www.biology-online.org/biology-fo...43794.html

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